Flood effects on phosphorus immobilisation in a river water filled pit lake—Case study Lake Goitsche (Germany)     

Peter Herzsprung  Martin Schultze  Bertram Boehrer  Anja Duffek  Andrea Van der Veen  Kurt Friese 《Limnologica》2010,40(2):182-190

Between 1999 and 2002, a former open-cast mine was filled with river water forming the recent Lake Goitsche. During filling initially acid water was neutralised. Phosphorus (P) imported from Mulde River was nearly completely removed from the water column by co-precipitation with iron (Fe) and aluminium (Al) and deposited in the sediment.During extremely high waters of the Mulde River in 2002, a dike breach facilitated a second high import of P into Lake Goitsche with suspended and dissolved matter. The analysis of total phosphorus (TP), however, showed that P again had been eliminated from the water body a few months after the flood event. Sediment investigations before filling with river water, during filling, and after the flood event were used to analyse the process of P immobilisation in a lake with acid mine drainage history.The ratios of Fe to soluble reactive P (SRP) of sediment pore water were up to three orders of magnitudes higher than in natural lakes and can serve as an indicator for potential internal P loading from sediments. The SRP concentrations at the oxic/anoxic boundary were near or below the limit of quantification (< 0.2 μmol/L). Fe and manganese (Mn) redox cycling were responsible for hindering P dissolution from sediment to lake water.Finally it can be stated, that the risk of eutrophication for such a lake seems to be low.  相似文献   

Nonlinear finite element analysis of high-strength concrete columns and experimental verification     

吕西林  陈绍琳 《地震工程与工程振动(英文版)》2008,7(1):77-89

This paper describes a nonlinear finite element （FE） analysis of high strength concrete （HSC） columns, and verifies the results through laboratory experiments. First, a cyclically lateral loading test on nine cantilever column specimens of HSC is described and a numerical simulation is presented to verify the adopted FE models. Next, based on the FE model for specimen No.6, numerical simulations for 70 cases, in which different concrete strengths, stirrup ratios and axial load ratios are considered, are presented to explore the effect of these parameters on the behavior of the HSC columns, and to check the rationality of requirements for these columns specified in the China Code for Seismic Design of Buildings （GB 50011- 2001）. In addition, three cases with different stirrup strengths are analyzed to investigate their effect on the behavior of HSC columns. Finally, based on the numerical results some conclusions are presented.  相似文献   

Phytoplankton life cycle transformations lead to species-specific effects on sediment processes in the Baltic Sea     

Kristian Spilling  Magnus Lindstrm 《Continental Shelf Research》2008,28(17):2488-2495

In order to study the sediment response to different addition of organic matter, we added cultures of the dinoflagellates Scrippsiella hangoei and Woloszynskia halophila and the diatom Pauliella taeniata to aquaria containing natural sediment. The biomass added was 1550–3260 mg C m⁻², and in the control, no biomass was added (n=3). Oxygen profiles at the sediment–water interface and inorganic nutrients in the near bottom water were determined once a week. In the additions of P. taeniata and W. halophila the sediment quickly became anoxic, and subsequently there was a flux of >1 mmol PO₄³⁻ m⁻² d⁻¹ out of the sediment in these treatments. The majority of the released P came from P stored in the sediment and not from the organic phosphorus added. The result was very different for the S. hangoei addition. This species underwent a life cycle change to form temporary cysts. During this process there was a net uptake of nutrients. After the formation of cysts the concentration of inorganic nutrient was similar to that of the control. Cysts generally survive for long periods in the sediment (months to years) before germinating, but can also be permanently buried in the sediment. The novel idea presented here is that the phytoplankton composition may directly affect sediment processes such as oxygen consumption and phosphorus release, through species-specific life cycle changes and yields of resting stages produced prior to sedimentation. This can be an important aspect of nutrient cycling in eutrophic waters, like the Baltic Sea, where there is large year-to-year difference in the amount of resting stages settling at the sea floor, mainly due to differences in abundance of diatoms and dinoflagellates during the spring bloom. If yields of resting stages change, e.g. due to changes in the phytoplankton community, it may lead to alterations in the biogeochemical cycling of nutrients.  相似文献   

地幔不均一性与地幔循环的多维表征和原因思考     

郑建平  刘为先  王伟  马强  吴树成  戴宏坤 《地质学报》2024,98(3):662-679

地幔早先经核- 幔- 壳分异形成,后受不同尺度对流和循环的影响,因而具有不均一性特征。近三十年来,地幔化学通过研究大洋玄武岩发现了多样地幔端元和非放射性同位素证据并证明了地幔不均一性,逐渐建全了地幔地球化学体系。然而,地幔不均一性如何对应于时空尺度的地幔循环,以及地球演化如何影响地幔不均一性等,仍不清楚。此外,地球物理研究显示,岩石圈厚度差异、中下地幔的波速异常体以及俯冲板片形态的观测为纵横向对流系统提供了空间不均一性证据支持。联合地球化学和地球物理手段对研究地幔不均一性至关重要,用好透视地幔成分与结构的“双目镜”已成为共识。本文从地幔不均一性结合地球化学场、地球物理的不同表现形式,以及现今及历史时期的洋陆格局的对比,多维度联系地幔循环和演化,思考了超大陆旋回与地幔不均一化的内在逻辑。强调了从全球演化角度看地幔不均一性的重要性和提出多手段联合建立地幔循环驱动模型的展望。  相似文献   

柴达木盆地北缘中、新生代盆地性质及构造演化   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

王信国  曹代勇  占文锋  刘天绩 《现代地质》2006,20(4):592-596

运用沉降史和平衡剖面技术分别对柴北缘中、新生代盆地垂向上的升降史和水平方向上的伸缩史进行定量研究,并结合区域地质背景对研究结果进行分析。结果表明:自中生代以来,柴北缘的构造演化可分为中生代（J-K）演化阶段和新生代（E₁₊₂以来）演化阶段。中生代演化阶段（J₁-J₂）,沉降史曲线具有伸展盆地特征,平衡剖面恢复结果也以伸展为主,最大伸展率和伸展速率分别达1.9%和19.48 m/(Ma·km)。这是受柴北缘周缘地块和柴达木地块运移差异引起的拉张应力场控制,因而具有伸展盆地性质。此外,由于柴达木地块的自身旋转,3个坳陷的沉降速率、伸缩率和伸缩速率也存在差异。新生代演化阶段（E₁₊₂以来）,沉降史曲线具有前陆盆地特征,平衡剖面恢复结果也以压缩型为主,最大压缩率和压缩速率分别为4.96%和14.09 m/(Ma·km),这是受印度板块和亚欧板块相互碰撞所引起的挤压应力场控制,因而具有前陆盆地性质。此外,受喜山运动各期的影响,各坳陷沉降速率和伸缩率均具有“幕式”渐进特点。  相似文献   

典型喀斯特地区马尾松纯林及马尾松-阔叶树混交林营养元素生物循环研究——以贵州龙里为例   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

李茜  杨胜天  盛浩然  盛岩  李巍  李顺江 《中国岩溶》2008,27(4):321-328

以龙里典型喀斯特地区马尾松纯林及马尾松- 阔叶树混交林为研究对象,研究了两个群落的生物量、营养元素贮量、分布及循环特征。结果表明: 马尾松纯林、马尾松- 阔叶树混交林的生物量分别为40. 62t /hm2、48. 32t /hm2 ,混交林的乔木层总生物量比马尾松纯林高18. 97% ,根系生物量较纯林高65. 12%。混交林乔木层各器官营养元素的含量整体大于马尾松纯林,两群落乔木层N、P、K、S的含量表现出一致的趋势,叶> 根> 枝> 干。混交林乔木层各元素的积累量分别比纯林高47. 97%～ 197. 67% ,凋落物层各元素贮量比纯林高85. 40%～ 318. 301%。混交林的年归还量、年存留量和年吸收量均大于马尾松纯林,且各元素循环系数大于马尾松纯林。马尾松林与阔叶树混交可以有效地提高群落生物量和营养元素循环的能力。   相似文献   

[专稿] 生态文明的自然本原          下载免费PDF全文

谢平 《湖泊科学》2016,28(1):1-8

何为生态文明的自然本原?它就是良性的生态循环.生态文明的自然基础是一系列生态系统的良性循环——森林生态系统、草地生态系统、农业生态系统、湖泊生态系统、河流生态系统、海洋生态系统……等等,而良性循环的标志有二:1)为人类提供清洁的水源、新鲜的空气、优质的农-牧-渔产品、舒心的休闲景观等,这些是我们身心健康的前提,没有它们的支撑,人类文明的大厦将难以为继;2)为珍稀濒危以及土著物种提供良好的栖息之地,维持良好的生态平衡关系,增加生态系统对外界干扰的可塑性.  相似文献   

黄骅坳陷中区中生代构造演化   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

楼达  李三忠  金宠  周永刚  刘博  许淑梅  戴黎明  周立宏  高振平 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2008,28(3)

渤海湾盆地地区中生代构造演化与样式始终不明朗,特别是对燕山期变形始终存在争议,故选择黄骅坳陷中区中生界作为重点剖析对象,通过大量地震剖面的解释和平衡剖面技术复原古构造演化的研究,并结合前人研究成果和区域构造背景,提出黄骅坳陷中区中生代演化过程可大致分为4个阶段:印支晚期东西向宽缓褶皱及后期逆冲构造变形期、燕山早期挤压走滑构造变形期、燕山中期继承性挤压与右旋张扭构造变形期、燕山晚期—喜山期区域性伸展构造变形期。  相似文献   

Extension of a qualitative model on nutrient cycling and transformation to include microtidal estuaries on wave-dominated coasts: Southern hemisphere perspective     

S. Taljaard  L. van NiekerkW. Joubert 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2009

Estuaries are dynamic transition zones acting as filters and transformers of nutrients passing from catchments to the sea. We propose an extension to an existing southern hemisphere model on nutrient dynamics in estuaries to include the relatively constricted, microtidal estuaries located along wave-dominated coasts in the region, specifically focusing on the limiting macronutrients nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) and on key processes, including physical (e.g. flushing, mixing and sedimentation), geochemical (e.g. flocculation), biochemical (e.g. remineralisation) and biological (e.g. primary production) processes. A simplified model of the physical states (primarily controlled by hydrological characteristics) is used as the basis for the qualitative model, where these are defined in terms of characteristic salinity-induced stratification of the water column, flushing time and the mouth condition. Four physical states are identified: a freshwater-dominated state, freshwater pulsed/recovery state, marine-dominated state and the closed mouth state. The states and their physical characteristics largely resemble that of the earlier model, except that the extended model reflects the dynamics of restricted inlets and introduces the closed mouth state. This model specifically explores the variation within southern African estuarine systems to better inform research and management programmes on the appropriate trophic, temporal and spatial scales at which uncertainties in ecosystem functioning need resolving. It can also be applied to other regions in the southern hemisphere, and even the northern hemisphere, with similar hydrological and estuarine geomorphological characteristics (e.g. the Mediterranean coast, the west coasts of North and South America, and the south-west and south-eastern coasts of Australia).  相似文献   

Trace element and molecular markers of organic carbon dynamics along a shelf–basin continuum in sediments of the western Arctic Ocean     

Laura L. Belicka  Robie W. Macdonald  H. Rodger Harvey 《Marine Chemistry》2009,115(1-2):72-85

Molecular organic biomarkers together with trace element composition were investigated in sediments east of Barrow Canyon in the western Arctic Ocean to determine sources and recycling of organic carbon in a continuum from the shelf to the basin. Algal biomarkers (polyunsaturated and short-chain saturated fatty acids, 24-methylcholesta-5,24(28)-dien-3β-ol, dinosterol) highlight the substantial contribution of organic matter from water column and sea-ice primary productivity in shelf environments, while redox markers such as acid volatile sulfide (AVS), Mn, and Re indicate intense metabolism of this material leading to sediment anoxia. Shelf sediments also receive considerable inputs from terrestrial organic carbon, with biomarker composition suggesting the presence of multiple pools of terrestrial organic matter segregated by age/lability or hydrodynamic sorting. Sedimentary metabolism was not as intense in slope sediments as on the shelf; however, sufficient labile organic matter is present to create suboxic and anoxic conditions, at least intermittently, as organic matter is focused towards the slope. Basin sediments also showed evidence for episodic delivery of labile organic carbon inputs despite the strong physical controls of water depth and sea-ice cover. Principal components analysis of the lipid biomarker data was used to estimate fractions of preserved recalcitrant (of terrestrial origin) and labile (of marine origin) organic matter in the sediments, with ranges of 12–79%, 14–45%, and 37–66% found for the shelf, slope, and basin cores, respectively. On average, the relative preserved terrestrial organic matter in basin sediments was 56%, suggesting exchange of organic carbon between nearshore and basin environments in the western Arctic.  相似文献